CBSE Class 12 Physics Board Exam 2025: Expert-recommended expected questions from Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, Wave Optics, and Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

CBSE Class 12 Physics Board Exam 2025: The CBSE has released the date sheet for the Class 10 and 12 board exams 2025. The Class 12 Physics exam is scheduled for February 21, 2025, while the exams will commence on February 15 and conclude on April 4, 2025. With less than three months remaining, students are intensively preparing for this crucial exam.
To assist students in excelling, Shailendra Pandey from Physics Wallah has shared a list of expected questions for key chapters like Ray Optics, Wave Optics, and Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation. Alongside these insights, students should focus on textbooks, sample papers, model questions, and previous years’ papers available on the CBSE website.

CBSE Board Exam 2025: Expected questions from Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, Wave Optics, and Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Question 1: Derive the mirror formula and explain the sign conventions used.
Question 2: Derive the lens maker’s formula for a convex lens.
Question 3: Explain the phenomenon of total internal reflection with examples.
Question 4: Explain the working of a compound microscope.
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Question 1: Derive the condition for constructive and destructive interference in Young’s double-slit experiment.
Question 2: Explain the phenomenon of diffraction at a single slit.
Question 3: Derive the expression for the width of the central maxima in single-slit diffraction.
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Question 1: Derive the expression for the de Broglie wavelength of a particle.
Question 2: Explain the photoelectric effect and state Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
Question 3: Draw a graph to show the variation of photocurrent with:

Question 4: Numerical: Calculate the threshold frequency of a material with a given work function.
Question 5: Numerical: Calculate the kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted when light of a specific wavelength is incident on a metal surface.

CBSE Board Exam 2025: Important tips for Class 12 Physics exam 2025

Create a Study Plan: Divide your study time between theory and numerical (e.g., 40% theory, 60% numerical). Make sure to allocate time for daily revisions and mock tests to stay on track and evaluate your progress regularly.
Master the Basics: Ensure a clear understanding of fundamental concepts, formulas, and definitions. Revise key formulas and derivations daily and maintain a formula sheet for quick reference during revision sessions.
Practice Numerical: Solve all solved and unsolved numerical from NCERT, focusing on high-weightage topics like Current Electricity, Electrostatics, Ray and Wave Optics, Magnetic Effects of Current, and Alternating Current. Gradually move to tougher problems from reference books.
Focus on Important Derivations: Memorize and practice step-by-step derivations, as they are often asked in exams. Focus on derivations such as the lens maker’s formula, electric field due to a dipole, Biot-Savart law, and EMF in a rotating coil (AC generator).
Solve Sample Papers: Solve at least three sample papers under exam conditions during the final month of preparation. Analyze your performance to identify weak areas, time management issues, and areas needing further revision.
Revise Regularly: Regularly revise theoretical concepts, formulas, and key questions to reinforce your knowledge. Practice numerical and derivations until you’re confident and comfortable with solving them in the exam.